National Birth Defects Prevention Month: The Role of Maternal Nutrition

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     Every year, National Birth Defects Prevention Month reminds us that many birth defects can be prevented with proper care before and during pregnancy. As a dietician with years of experience, I strongly believe that maternal nutrition is one of the most powerful tools to ensure a healthy pregnancy and a healthy baby.



Understanding Birth Defects

    Birth defects are structural or functional problems that occur while the baby is developing in the womb. They can affect the heart, brain, spine, or other organs. Some birth defects are genetic, but many are linked to nutritional deficiencies, infections, lifestyle habits, and lack of antenatal care.

Why Maternal Nutrition Matters

    The first 1000 days – from conception to a child’s second birthday – are crucial. During early pregnancy, the baby’s organs start forming, and the mother’s nutrient intake directly supports this process. Poor nutrition can increase the risk of neural tube defects, low birth weight, and developmental problems.

Folic Acid: A Key Nutrient for Prevention

    Folic acid is one of the most important nutrients for preventing birth defects, especially neural tube defects like spina bifida. Women planning pregnancy should consume folic acid at least one month before conception and during the first trimester. Natural food sources include green leafy vegetables, oranges, lentils, chickpeas, peanuts, and fortified grains. Doctors often recommend supplements along with a balanced diet.

Other Essential Nutrients During Pregnancy

  • Iron helps prevent anemia and supports oxygen supply to the baby.
  • Calcium supports bone and teeth development.
  • Protein helps in tissue growth and repair.
  • Iodine supports brain development.
  • Vitamin B12 is important for nerve function, especially in vegetarian mothers.



The Importance of Antenatal Care

    Regular antenatal check-ups help identify nutritional deficiencies early. They also ensure timely supplementation, vaccinations, and monitoring of the baby’s growth. Nutrition counselling during antenatal visits empowers mothers to make better food choices.

Healthy Lifestyle Practices for Expecting Mothers

  • Eat home-cooked, balanced meals.
  • Avoid alcohol, smoking, and harmful substances.
  • Practice good food hygiene.
  • Manage stress and get adequate sleep.
  • Stay physically active as advised by healthcare professionals.



A Dietician’s Message to Mothers and Families

    Healthy babies begin with healthy mothers. Nutrition before and during pregnancy is not about eating more, but eating right. Simple food choices made daily can protect your baby for life.

    Stay connected to this blog to learn more about pregnancy nutrition, infant feeding, and family health. Small steps today can create a healthier future for the next generation.


- Saranya. Dietician / Sara Nutrition

Location: Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

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